There are various ways in which Allah legislates in Quran
1-
The most and the usual method and the most straight forward manner which are orders and warnings, in these instances Allah urges Muslims to respond by calling them “O Believers” as in verses
Verse 2:178 “O you who believe!”
Verse 2:183” O you who believe!”
Verse 2:264” O you who believe!”
Verse 2:282” O you who believe!”
The aim of this method is to urge them and imply that they are close to His Heart, so they will respond
Some other times the call is for the prophet Muhammad (pbuh ) but it is still general and aimed at the whole Muslims(Mo’meneen)
Such as
Verse 65:1
“0 Prophet ! When you divorce women, divorce them at their ‘Iddah (prescribed periods) and count (accurately) their ‘Iddah (period). And fear Allah your”
“{يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ إِذَا طَلَّقْتُمُ النِّسَاء فَطَلِّقُوهُنَّ لِعِدَّتِهِنَّ وَأَحْصُوا الْعِدَّةَ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ رَبَّكُمْ لَا تُخْرِجُوهُنَّ مِن بُيُوتِهِنَّ وَلَا يَخْرُجْنَ إِلَّا أَن يَأْتِينَ بِفَاحِشَةٍ مُّبَيِّنَةٍ وَتِلْكَ حُدُودُ اللَّهِ وَمَن يَتَعَدَّ حُدُودَ اللَّهِ فَقَدْ ظَلَمَ نَفْسَهُ لَا تَدْرِي لَعَلَّ اللَّهَ يُحْدِثُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ أَمْراً }الطلاق1”
Note the plural tense in the Arabic verse which is not obvious in the English translation
Another verse
Verse 33:59
“O prophet! Tell your wives and daughters and the believing women that they should cast their outer garments over their persons (when abroad): that is most convenient that they should be known (as such) and not molested: and Allah is Oft-Forgiving Most Merciful”
In some other places Allah just mentions it with no call for the prophet or the Muslims such as
Verse 2:224
“And make not Allah’s (Name) an excuse in your oaths against your doing good and acting piously, and making peace among mankind. And Allah is All-Hearer, All Knower (i.e. do not swear much and if you have sworn against doing something good then an expiation for the oath and do good)”
Verse 2:225
“Allah will not call you to account for that which is unintentional in your oaths, but He will call you to account for that which your hearts have earned. And Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most-Forbearing.”
Also in 2:233 and in 2:228 and in 2:229
Second method
2- Question asked to the prophet Muhammad (pbuh)
Of these
1-one of the Bedouin came to the prophet to ask him if Allah is so far do he can shout for HIM or so close and we will whistle at HIM
Then Allah replies to this question immediately by this verse
2:186
“And when My slaves ask you (0 Muhammad ‘) concerning Me, then (answer them), I am indeed near (to them by My Knowledge). I respond to the invocations of the supplicant when he calls on Me (without any mediator or intercessor). So let them obey Me and believe in Me, so that they may be led a right.”
2-The companions asked about the moon and they were amazed at this phenomena so asked the prophet about it
Verse
2:189
“They ask you (0 Muhammad) about the new moons. Say: These are signs to mark fixed periods of time for mankind and for the pilgrimage. It is not AI-Birr (piety, righteousness) that you enter the houses from the back but AI-Birr (is the quality of the one) who fears Allah. So enter houses through their proper doors, and fear Allah that you may be successful.”
To be noted about this, Allah never answered their question about the PHYSICAL phenomena but guided them how to use it, because they would not be able to understand the whole space, shadow criteria as we know it today.
3-&4-
Allah always said He loves those who spend, so they asked the prophet what and how to spend so Allah reveals
2:215
“They ask you (0 Muhammad) what they should spend. Say: Whatever you spend of good must be for
parents and kindred and orphans and AI-Masakin (the poor) and the wayfarer, and whatever you do of good deeds, truly, Allah knows it well.”
Also revealed
2:219
“And they ask you what they ought to spend. Say: "That which is beyond your needs."
5-
The prophet sends a complain in the Holy monthes so his companions fight in the war and they capture and are captured ,so the companions ask the prophet about is it allowed to fight in the holy month, so Allah reveals
2:217
“They ask you concerning fighting in the Sacred Months (i.e. 1st, 7th, l1th and 12th months of the Islamic calendar). Say:"Fighting therein is a great (transgression) but a greater (transgression) with Allah is to prevent mankind from following the Way of Allah, to disbelieve in Him, to prevent access to Al-Masjid-Al-Haram (at Makkah), and to drive out its inhabitants and AlFitnah is worse than killing. And they will never cease fighting you until they turn you back from your religion (Islamic Monotheism) if they can. And whosoever of you turns back from his religion and dies as a disbeliever, then his deeds will be lost in this life and in the Hereafter, and they will be the dwellers of the Fire. They will abide therein forever."”
So Allah pointed that the fight in this month is very great transgression but Allah permitted it because the State in a state of War with a lot of enemies.
6-
A lot of the companions saw that Alcoholics are so bad but not forbidden yet so they ask the prophet ,so Allah reveals him
2:219
“They ask you (0 Muhammad ) concerning alcoholic drink and gambling. Say: "In them is a great sin, and (some) benefits for men, but the sin of them is greater than their benefit."
Allah is forbidding it gradually ,because there some kind of industry at Muslim country that time ,but the companions however when this revealed left the drink and gambling because it was their habit to benefit at most from God’s giving .
7-
Allah warned Muslims greatly not to steal orphans money and never use it, but just keep it and use it in their profit(and of course their property too)
Verse 2:220
“And they ask you concerning orphans. Say: "The best thing is to work honestly in their property, and if you mix your affairs with theirs, then they are your brothers. And Allah knows him who means mischief (e.g. to swallow their property) from him who means good (e.g. to save their property). And if Allah had wished, He could have put you into difficulties. Truly, Allah is All-Mighty, All-Wise”
8-
When Muslims came to Al-Madina they found that Jews never have affair or talk to women in their menstruation period However Christians have affair (sex) and talk to them ,and they (Muslims) did not know what to do ,so they ask the prophet
Verse 2:222
“They ask you concerning menstruation. Say: that is an Adha (a harmful thing for a husband to have a sexual intercourse with his wife while she is having her menses), therefore keep away from women during menses and go not unto them till they are purified (from menses and have taken a bath). And when they have purified themselves, then go in unto them as Allah has ordained for you (go in unto them in any manner as long as it is in their vagina). Truly, Allah loves those who turn unto Him in repentance and loves those who purify themselves (by taking a bath and cleaning and washing thoroughly their private parts, bodies, for their prayers)”
So Allah only forbids having sex with them in that period but allowing anything else.
Third Method
9 &10
They ask the prophet about FATWA, when the word fatwa come in Quran, it means that this thing is so important and urgent
Verse 4:127
“They ask your legal instruction concerning women, sa
y: Allah instructs you about them, and about what is recited unto you in the Book concerning the orphan girls whom you give not the prescribed portions (as regards Mahr and inheritance) and yet whom you desire to marry, and (concerning) the children who are weak and oppressed, and that you stand firm for justice to orphans. And whatever good you do, Allah is Ever All-Aware of it.”
The same happened in 4:176
4:176
“They ask you for a legal verdict. Say: "Allah directs (thus) about AI-Kalalah (those who leave neither descendants nor ascendants as heirs).”
Something important to be noted about these
Always Allah says “they ask you instruction” and HE replies “SAY:…..” this pattern happened to make the prophet Muhammad Pbuh is the mediator between Allah and Muslims except one verse the pattern changed to “they ask”…”…” with no order to the prophet to say anything and this only occurred once in Quran which is
2:186
“And when My slaves ask you (0 Muhammad ‘) concerning Me, then (answer them), I am indeed near (to them by My Knowledge). I respond to the invocations of the supplicant when he calls on Me (without any mediator or intercessor). So let them obey Me and believe in Me, so that they may be led a right.”
To denote that when you call Allah you do not need any mediator or any kind of intercessor.
Allah says about this too
Verse 50:16
“We are nearer to him than his jugular vein (by Our Knowledge).”
11
Arabs of that time used to eat deed meat and almost all dead things anf muslims are confused they do not feel right when they eat it ,then Allah forbids all of these in the verse
5:3
“Forbidden to you (for food) are: AI-Maitah (the dead animals – cattle – beast not slaughtered), blood, the flesh of swine, and that on which Allah’s Name has not been mentioned while slaughtering, (that which has been slaughtered as a sacrifice for others than Allah, or has been slaughtered for idols) and that which has been killed by strangling, or by a violent blow, or by a headlong fall, or by the goring of horns – and that which has been (partly) eaten by a wild animal- unless you are able to slaughter it (before its death) – and that which is sacrificed (slaughtered) on An-Nusub (stone-altars). (Forbidden) also is to use arrows seeking luck or decision; (all) that is Fisqun (disobedience of Allah and sin). This day, those who disbelieved have given up all hope of your religion; so fear them not, but fear Me. This day, I have perfected your religion for you, completed My Favour upon you, and have chosen for you Islam as your religion. But as for him who is forced by severe hunger, with no inclination to sin (such can eat these above mentioned meats), then surely, Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.”
12
Muslims win the war at Badr but they have a lot of disagreement between them ,so they ask the prophet then Allah reveals
“They ask you (0 Muhammad) about the spoils of war. Say: "The spoils are for Allah and the Messenger." So fear Allah and adjust all matters of difference among you, and obey Allah and His Messenger (Muhammad), if you are believers.”
Which is implicit to make the prophet do whatever he wants and Allah appoints him as a judge for that
13
Some Non-Muslims ask the prophets about Islam ,they asked what is the spirit
Verse 17:85
“And they ask you (0 Muhammad) concerning the Ruh (the Spirit); Say: "The Ruh (the Spirit) is one of the things, the knowledge of which is only with my Lord. And of knowledge, you (mankind) have been given only a little."”
And they ask about the day of Judgment and its time
Verse 7 :187
“They ask you about the Hour (Day of Resurrection): "When will be its appointed time?" Say: "The knowledge thereof is with my Lord (Alone). None can reveal its time but He. Heavy is its burden through the heavens and the earth. It shall not come upon you except all of a sudden." They ask you as if you have a good knowledge of it. Say: "The knowledge thereof is with Allah (Alone), but most of mankind know not.,”
مصر و الأمة 